The tumor refers to as a swelling in any part of body, which creates a lump or mass in the body. Finally, we try to retrieve tumor from MRI image of a brain in the form of edge more accurately and efficiently, by enhancing the performance of diffe rent kinds of edge detectors using fuzzy approach. Here from image segmentation, tumor is located. Edge detection is one of the techniques of image segmentation. During the last few years, preprocessing algorithms, techniques, and operators have emerged as a powerful tool for efficient extraction of regions of interest, performing basic algebraic operations on images, enhancing specific image features, and reducing data on both resolution and brightness. The brain image segmentation is composed of many stages. The process of segmentation of brain MRI image involves the problem of searching anatomical regions of interest, which can help radiologists to extract shapes, appearance, and other structural features for diagnosis of diseases or treatment evaluation. The major problem that comes across while analyzing MRI images of a brain is inaccurate data. Accurate detection is very important and critical for the generation of correct diagnosis. The most accurate procedure for the assessment of femoroacetabular impingement, labral and chondral lesions including intraarticular loose bodies.The process of accurate detection of edges of MRI images of a brain is always a challenging but interesting problem. (*) indicates optional planes or sequences MR arthrography of the hip planes:В coronal, sagittal, axial depending on the question.purpose:В for inflammatory conditions, osteonecrosis of the hip insufficiency fracture, transient bone marrow edema, bursitis or tumors.osteonecrosis of the hip,В tumors or inflammatory disease Some indications might benefit from an application of contrast media as e.g. planes: axial* (optional for tumor characterization).purpose: bone and/or soft-tissue characterization, in particular in tumors or nerve disorders.acquisition plane: coronal or axial, radial MPR along the femoral neck axis.purpose: for radial reconstructions in femoroacetabular impingement, labral or chondral pathology.planes: coronal, sagittal* (option in osteonecrosis of the hip insufficiency fracture, transient bone marrow edema).purpose: bone and/or soft-tissue characterization.planes: coronal,В sagittal, axial or coronal oblique* and axial oblique* depending on the pathology.purpose: bone and/or soft-tissue characterization, detailed anatomy.Most indications for an MRI of the hip joint do not require any contrast media: The mainstay in musculoskeletal imaging are water-sensitive sequences, this can be achieved with STIR or fat-saturated images or with intermediate weighted images and is no different for the hip.ДЄt least one T1-weighted sequence should be included to ease the assessment and interpretation of bone marrow and/or soft tissue lesions. axial oblique: in case of articular or proximal femoral pathology.volume: from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the proximal femur including the lesser trochanter.angulation: strictly axial to the body axis.

axial images: in case of suspected extraarticular pathology,.

volume: includes the greater trochanter and the whole acetabulum.

volume: includes whole acetabulum proximal femur and trochanter.

angulation: parallel to the femoral neck axis.

osteonecrosis of the hip, transient bone marrow edema syndrome or assessment of cam morphology

coronal oblique images: in case of proximal femoral pathology e.g.

volume: includes everything from the anterior margin of the symphysis to the ischial bone.

coronal images: in case of suspected extraarticular or acetabular pathology, labral or chondral lesions.

3D-GRE with an isotropic spatial resolution of в‰¤0.7 mmДЄ typical MRI of a single hip joint might look like as follows:.

in-plane spatial resolution: в‰¤0.4 x 0.4 mm.

The hip should be examined with a good spatial resolution.

an alternative option is the anterior surface coil.

Multi-phased array coils are recommended. Patient positioningДЄn MRI of the hip is conducted with the patient in the supine position.

Postoperative examinations in patients with metallic implants, however, should be done on 1.5 tesla with metal artifact reduction sequence. They profit from the improved spatial and contrast resolution of 3 tesla.

Musculoskeletal examinations are generally done on both 1.5 and 3 tesla and this is also the case for the hip. femoral insufficiency or stress fracture.Typical indications include pain in the hip and/or buttock, hip-related groin pain,В decreased range of motion, limping and comprise the following:

How to read mri images of a hip